Mahoning Township, carved out from the northern part of East Penn Township, is surrounded by natural boundaries: the Mahoning Mountain to the north, Schuylkill County to the east, East Penn Township to the south, and the Lehigh River to the west. Its landscape is nourished by the Mahoning Creek, originating in Schuylkill County and flowing through the picturesque Mahoning Valley before joining the Lehigh River near Lehighton. The township's history dates back to the earliest land acquisitions by William Penn, with a significant tract passing through various hands before being acquired by Richard Peters in the mid-18th century. The allure of the region's scenery captured the attention of Count Zinzendorf, inspiring the establishment of a mission by the Moravians in the area, marking the beginning of Mahoning's rich heritage.